Sn Exe Generate Key Pair
- Sn Exe Generate Key Pair Number
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- Sn Exe Generate Key Pair 2
- Generate Key Code
To sign an assembly with a strong name, you must have a public/private key pair. This public and private cryptographic key pair is used during compilation to create a strong-named assembly. You can create a key pair using the Strong Name tool (Sn.exe). Key pair files usually have an .snk extension.
32 rows Sn.exe computes the token by using a hash function from the public key. To save space, the. This key pair can be generated by using the strong name tool (sn.exe) that is delivered when you install Microsoft Visual Studio. You will find it in the Microsoft SDK folder. Let’s check the usage options.
Note
In Visual Studio, the C# and Visual Basic project property pages include a Signing tab that enables you to select existing key files or to generate new key files without using Sn.exe. In Visual C++, you can specify the location of an existing key file in the Advanced property page in the Linker section of the Configuration Properties section of the Property Pages window. The use of the AssemblyKeyFileAttribute attribute to identify key file pairs was made obsolete beginning with Visual Studio 2005.
Create a key pair
To create a key pair, at a command prompt, type the following command:
sn –k <file name>
In this command, file name is the name of the output file containing the key pair.
The following example creates a key pair called sgKey.snk.
If you intend to delay sign an assembly and you control the whole key pair (which is unlikely outside test scenarios), you can use the following commands to generate a key pair and then extract the public key from it into a separate file. First, create the key pair:
Next, extract the public key from the key pair and copy it to a separate file:
Once you create the key pair, you must put the file where the strong name signing tools can find it.
When signing an assembly with a strong name, the Assembly Linker (Al.exe) looks for the key file relative to the current directory and to the output directory. When using command-line compilers, you can simply copy the key to the current directory containing your code modules.
If you are using an earlier version of Visual Studio that does not have a Signing tab in the project properties, the recommended key file location is the project directory with the file attribute specified as follows:
See also
-->A strong name signature is an identity mechanism in the .NET Framework for identifying assemblies. It is a public-key digital signature that is typically used to verify the integrity of data being passed from an originator (signer) to a recipient (verifier). This signature is used as a unique identity for an assembly and ensures that references to the assembly are not ambiguous. The assembly is signed as part of the build process and then verified when it is loaded.
Strong name signatures help prevent malicious parties from tampering with an assembly and then re-signing the assembly with the original signer’s key. However, strong name keys don’t contain any reliable information about the publisher, nor do they contain a certificate hierarchy. A strong name signature does not guarantee the trustworthiness of the person who signed the assembly or indicate whether that person was a legitimate owner of the key; it indicates only that the owner of the key signed the assembly. Therefore, we do not recommend using a strong name signature as a security validator for trusting third-party code. Microsoft Authenticode is the recommended way to authenticate code.
Limitations of conventional strong names
The strong naming technology used in versions before the .NET Framework 4.5 has the following shortcomings:
Keys are constantly under attack, and improved techniques and hardware make it easier to infer a private key from a public key. To guard against attacks, larger keys are necessary. .NET Framework versions before the .NET Framework 4.5 provide the ability to sign with any size key (the default size is 1024 bits), but signing an assembly with a new key breaks all binaries that reference the older identity of the assembly. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to upgrade the size of a signing key if you want to maintain compatibility.
Strong name signing supports only the SHA-1 algorithm. SHA-1 has recently been found to be inadequate for secure hashing applications. Therefore, a stronger algorithm (SHA-256 or greater) is necessary. It is possible that SHA-1 will lose its FIPS-compliant standing, which would present problems for those who choose to use only FIPS-compliant software and algorithms.
Advantages of enhanced strong names
The main advantages of enhanced strong names are compatibility with pre-existing strong names and the ability to claim that one identity is equivalent to another:
Developers who have pre-existing signed assemblies can migrate their identities to the SHA-2 algorithms while maintaining compatibility with assemblies that reference the old identities.
Developers who create new assemblies and are not concerned with pre-existing strong name signatures can use the more secure SHA-2 algorithms and sign the assemblies as they always have.
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Use enhanced strong names
Strong name keys consist of a signature key and an identity key. The assembly is signed with the signature key and is identified by the identity key. Prior to the .NET Framework 4.5, these two keys were identical. Starting with the .NET Framework 4.5, the identity key remains the same as in earlier .NET Framework versions, but the signature key is enhanced with a stronger hash algorithm. In addition, the signature key is signed with the identity key to create a counter-signature.
The AssemblySignatureKeyAttribute attribute enables the assembly metadata to use the pre-existing public key for assembly identity, which allows old assembly references to continue to work. The AssemblySignatureKeyAttribute attribute uses the counter-signature to ensure that the owner of the new signature key is also the owner of the old identity key.
Sign with SHA-2, without key migration
Sn Exe Generate Key Pair Number
Run the following commands from a command prompt to sign an assembly without migrating a strong name signature:
Generate the new identity key (if necessary).
Extract the identity public key, and specify that a SHA-2 algorithm should be used when signing with this key.
Delay-sign the assembly with the identity public key file.
Re-sign the assembly with the full identity key pair.
Sn Exe Generate Key Pair Free
Sign with SHA-2, with key migration
Run the following commands from a command prompt to sign an assembly with a migrated strong name signature.
Sn Exe Generate Key Pair 2
Generate an identity and signature key pair (if necessary).
Extract the signature public key, and specify that a SHA-2 algorithm should be used when signing with this key.
Extract the identity public key, which determines the hash algorithm that generates a counter-signature.
Generate the parameters for a AssemblySignatureKeyAttribute attribute, and attach the attribute to the assembly.
This produces output similar to the following.
This output can then be transformed into an AssemblySignatureKeyAttribute.
Delay-sign the assembly with the identity public key.
Fully sign the assembly with the signature key pair.